Innovations to Extend Copper Interconnects 2012 Endura CuBS RF XT PVD High-coverage 2014 barrier & seed Endura Volta Cobalt CVD Seed enhancing cobalt liner & selective metal cap 2018 Endura CuBS ALD/PVD 2021 ALD barrier Endura Copper Barrier Seed IMS Selective barrier & copper reflow

New Ways to Wire and Integrate Chips Page 17 Page 19